Pediatrics Question Bank

Sample

1. A mother has an active herpetic lesions in mouth. The precaution mother should take before breast feeding:

A mother with oral herpetic lesions should wear a mask and practice careful hygiene to avoid transmitting herpes to the infant; breastfeeding can continue since the lesions are not on the breast.

Sample

2. A mother has an active herpetic lesions in breasts. She wants to breast feed the child. The appropriate statement:

When a mother has active herpetic lesions ON the breast, she should NOT breastfeed from the affected breast because of the risk of transmitting neonatal herpes.

Sample

3. A newborn appears with a unilateral (left) persistent nasal discharge. Physical examination reveals a noisy breathing with the left nasal secretions. Most likely diagnosis:

Persistent unilateral nasal discharge with noisy breathing in a newborn suggests unilateral choanal stenosis/atresia (a posterior nasal passage narrowing).

Sample

4. A full term female newborn appears with cyanosis at birth. Cyanosis improves upon crying. Most likely diagnosis

Cyanosis at rest that IMPROVES with crying (which forces mouth breathing) is characteristic of bilateral choanal atresia, where obligate nasal breathing causes obstruction relieved by crying.

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5. A full term female newborn appears with cyanosis at birth. Cyanosis improves upon crying. Most likely diagnosis:

Cyanosis relieved by crying (mouth breathing) is characteristic of bilateral choanal atresia in an obligate nasal-breathing newborn.

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6. A 4-year-old appears with left sided head tilt for the last 10 days. Physical examination reveals decreased lateral movement of the right eye. Most likely diagnosis:

Head tilt with impaired lateral eye movement (CN VI palsy) in a young child raises concern for a posterior fossa (brainstem/cerebellar) tumor causing cranial nerve dysfunction and compensatory head positioning.

Sample

7. A 7-day-old newborn has no goiter and thyroid function test reveals low T 4 and high TSH. Most likely diagnosis

Low T4 with high TSH in a newborn without a goiter indicates primary congenital hypothyroidism from thyroid agenesis/dysgenesis (the most common cause), where no gland is present.

Sample

8. A newborn appears with goiter and thyroid function test reveals low T 4 and high TSH. Most likely diagnosis

Low T4 with high TSH AND a goiter in a newborn suggests congenital hypothyroidism from a defect with gland enlargement, such as endemic (iodine-deficiency) or dyshormonogenesis hypothyroidism. The keyed answer is endemic congenital hypothyroidism.

Sample

9. A 3-year-old child is diagnosed with extrapyramidal (athetoid or dyskinetic) cerebral palsy. Physical examination reveals all of the following except

Extrapyramidal (athetoid/dyskinetic) cerebral palsy impairs motor and speech/language function through involuntary movements, but intelligence is often relatively preserved. Thus mental retardation (b) is the excepted finding.

Sample

10. Functional characteristic of IgE:

IgE mediates allergic (type I hypersensitivity) disease and also contributes to defense against parasites.